TAHARAN celi
Phonology.
Consonants.
IPA
|
Spelling
|
/p t c k/
|
p t c k
|
/b d ɟ g/
|
b d y g
|
/t͡ʃ/
|
è
|
/d͡ʒ/
|
j
|
/f s ʃ x h/
|
f s ¹ ḫ h
|
/v z ʒ ɣ/
|
v z ¾ x
|
/m n/
|
m n
|
/r l/
|
r l
|
/j w/
|
i u
|
Vowels.
Short vowels
|
/i y ɯ u/
|
i ü ï u
|
/e ø o/
|
e ö o
|
/a/
|
a
|
Long vowels
|
/iː yː ɯː uː/
|
ii üü ïï uu
|
/eː øː oː/
|
ee öö oo
|
/aː/
|
aa
|
Vowel harmony.
| Front
|
Back
|
|---|
|
Unrounded |
Rounded |
Unrounded |
Rounded |
| High |
i /i/ |
ü /y/ |
ï /ɯ/ |
u /u/ |
| Low |
e /e/
|
ö /ø/ |
a /ɑ/ |
o /o/ |
Phonotactics.
CVCC
C = any consonant
V = any vowel
Accent.
Stress accent on first syllable.
Noun.
Definiteness.
Indefinite
|
-(e)n
|
toogen
|
a mountain
|
Definite
|
-(e)t
|
tooget
|
the mountain
|
Possessor.
|
One possessor
|
More possessors
|
1.
|
mi-
|
miman
|
my man
|
ne-
|
neman
|
our man
|
2.
|
ti-
|
timan
|
thy man
|
de-
|
deman
|
your man
|
3.
|
i-
|
iman
|
his/her/its man
|
u-
|
uman
|
their man
|
Verb.
Voice.
Active
|
-
|
did
|
to observe
|
Medial
|
-im / -ïm
|
didim
|
to observe self
|
Causative
|
-aḫ / -eḫ
|
dideḫ
|
to show
|
Primary aspect.
Stative
|
-es-
|
dides
|
to see
|
Progressive
|
-
|
did
|
to observe
|
Secondary aspect.
Inceptive
|
-or / -ör
|
didör
|
begin to observe
|
Continuative
|
-on / -ön
|
didön
|
still to observe
|
Pausative
|
-a¹ / -e¹
|
dide¹
|
stop to observe
|
Terminative
|
-ut / -üt
|
didüt
|
cease to observe
|
Tense.
Past remote
|
-ok / -ök
|
didök |
to observe (long ago)
|
Past proper
|
-oè / -öè |
didöè |
to observe (recently)
|
Non-past
|
-
|
did
|
to observe (present or future)
|
Negation
lo me did
|
I am not observing
|
Modal verbs.
| Obligative
|
èel-
|
to must
|
| Necessitative
|
neet-
|
to need
|
| Jussive
|
uen-
|
to should
|
| Optative
|
i¹i-
|
to wish
|
| Desiderative
|
uel-
|
to want
|
| Dubitative
|
kok-
|
to doubt
|
Potentional
|
maax-
|
to may, to might
|
| Hypothetical
|
dit-
|
to would, maybe, perhaps
|
Eventive
|
meev-
|
to could
|
| Permissive
|
les-
|
to let, to permit
|
| Precative
|
raḫ-
|
to request, to please, to ask
|
| Abilitive
|
mot-
|
to can
|
Originative
|
èen-
|
to begin
|
Non-finite forms.
Participle
|
ka + infinitive
|
ka didlök
|
seeing
|
Gerund
|
-man / -men
|
didmen
|
seeing
|
Infinitive
|
-lok / -lök
|
didlök
|
to see
|
Adjectives.
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
-
|
èeeri
|
good
|
aam
|
aam èeeri
|
better
|
meḫ
|
meḫ èeeri
|
best
|
baal
|
strong
|
aam baal
|
stronger
|
meḫ baal
|
strongest
|
farsaqa
|
equine
|
aam farsaqa
|
more equine
|
meḫ farsaqa
|
most equine
|
Adverbs.
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
-
|
èeerie
|
well
|
aam
|
aam èeerie
|
better
|
meḫ
|
meḫ èeerie
|
best
|
baala
|
strongly
|
aam baala
|
stronger
|
meḫ baala
|
strongest
|
farsaqaa
|
like horse
|
aam farsaqaa
|
more like horse
|
meḫ farsaqaa
|
most like horse
|
Numerals.
|
Cardinal
|
Ordinal
| Multiple
|
Multiplicative
|
Rankinging
|
1.
|
ine
|
ineqe
| inceren
|
ingïïr
|
inèerge
|
2.
|
pirie
|
|
|
|
|
3.
|
halθa
|
|
|
|
|
4.
|
pø¹ki
|
|
|
|
|
5.
|
ke¹te
|
|
|
|
|
6.
|
ma¹qa
|
|
|
|
|
7.
|
qudï¹
|
|
|
|
|
8.
|
semie
|
|
|
|
|
9.
|
tamaq
|
|
|
|
|
10.
|
tenq
|
|
|
|
|
11.
|
tenqini
|
|
|
|
|
20.
|
pirietenq
|
|
|
|
|
21.
|
pirietenq ine
|
|
|
|
|
100.
|
deqym
|
|
|
|
|
120.
|
doqum pirietenq
|
|
|
|
|
121.
|
doqum pirietenq
|
|
|
|
|
200.
|
piriedoqum
|
|
|
|
|
1.000.
|
gislem
|
|
|
|
|
10.000.
|
tenq gislem
|
|
|
|
|
Pronouns.
Personal pronouns.
|
l.
pojedyñcza |
l.
mnoga |
| 1. |
me
|
I
|
men
| We, but not you
|
ven
|
We and you
|
| 2. |
suu
|
Thou
|
seen
| You
|
| 3. |
il
|
He, She, It
|
len
| They
|
Honorifics.
Subjugating
|
-rii
|
merii
|
Equal
|
-
|
me
|
Subjugated
|
-quun
|
mequun
|
Reflexive, reciprocal and cooperative pronouns.
| Reflexive
|
ḫe
|
oneself
|
| Reciprocal
|
moon
|
each other
|
| Cooperative
|
kïr
|
together cooperatively
|
Prepositions.
Spatials.
ha
|
in, inside
|
na
|
on
|
naḫ
|
above
|
pa
|
under
|
pi
|
beside
|
dal
|
away
|
hapïr
|
between
|
za
|
behind
|
naza
|
out
|
hagool
|
around
|
ten
|
before, opposite to
|
hatïïm
|
during, in time of
|
d¾e
|
after
|
Other prepositions.
| Companion, attributive object
|
is
|
with
|
Time
|
has
|
in time, while
|
Creator
|
tu
|
by
|
Place
|
tere
|
through, across
|
| Lack
|
èeḫ
|
without
|
| Alternative
|
hat
|
instead
|
| Contrary
|
ahton
|
against
|
| Resistance
|
ahïs
|
despite, though
|
| Stylization
|
hadol
|
along to, according to
|
| Direction |
ad
|
from
|
| Direction |
da
|
to, towards
|
Benefactive
|
tan
|
for
|
Particles.
Conjunctions.
| Paratactical conjunctions
|
| Copulative
|
èe
|
and
|
| Conjunctive
|
¹oo
|
also
|
| Disjunctive
|
een
|
or
|
| Contrastive, exceptional
|
taa
|
but
|
| Consequentive
|
yah
|
so
|
| Comparative
|
not
|
than
|
Resultative
|
sah
|
that
|
|
| Hypotactical conjunctions
|
per
|
to, for
|
yu¹
|
althought
|
èör
|
because
|
qes
|
if
|
soq
|
that, providing |
Modifiers.
| Restrictive
|
öner
|
only
|
| Additive
|
yer
|
yet
|
Polarity particles.
| Affirmative
|
hay
|
yes
|
| Negative
|
nah
|
no
|
